V.vinefera viticulture appeared in Nevada in 1991 with plantings in both the North (Minden) and South (Pahrump Valley). Being an Intermountain West state, cold hardiness is always a risk, as are some of the natural soils tendency to be high in elements such as Boron. By 2001 an experimental vineyard was developed in Fallon at the Frey Ranch, where solutions to Boron were developed. Today Northwestern Nevada and Pahrump Valley in the south have been successful in supporting emerging, yet small, wine regions. Plantings of Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Menuire, Semillon,Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Cabernet Franc, Syrah, Merlot and Pinot Noir have shown their ability to grow and produce ripe fruit. Cabernet Sauvignon and Symphony are also doing well in the south. The future is held by the adventurous and dedicated and reflects the calculated risk taken in the better known industry of this state.